ABSTRACT
The epidemic of COVID-19 has lasted for nearly a year, the number of confirmed cases worldwide is still rising, and the trend of the epidemic is unclear. How will be the further development of COVID-19 epidemic? What is the current status of research on new drugs for coronary virus disease? Will the vaccine currently used change the epidemic pattern? In the context of the normalization of the epidemic, whether the epidemiology of other respiratory viruses will change? This article will discuss and analyze these hot and difficult issues.Copyright © 2021 Chinese Medical Association
ABSTRACT
The epidemic of COVID-19 has lasted for nearly a year, the number of confirmed cases worldwide is still rising, and the trend of the epidemic is unclear. How will be the further development of COVID-19 epidemic? What is the current status of research on new drugs for coronary virus disease? Will the vaccine currently used change the epidemic pattern? In the context of the normalization of the epidemic, whether the epidemiology of other respiratory viruses will change? This article will discuss and analyze these hot and difficult issues.Copyright © 2021 Chinese Medical Association
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The Russia-Ukraine conflict and the COVID-19 pandemic have made fossil energy more urgent, and the catalytic pyrolysis of biomass is conducive to energy transformation to achieve global sustainable development. In this paper, the influence mechanisms of different metal ions on biomass pyrolysis under conventional heating and microwave heating conditions were studied. Through thermogravimetric analysis, it was found that the existence of metal ions could change the pyrolysis behaviors of biomass, leading to different degrees of changes in the main pyrolysis temperature and range. Compared with conventional heating conditions, metal ion-loaded biomass samples exhibited higher heating rates under microwave heating conditions due to the possible hotspot phenomenon, resulting in increased gas yields and decreased bio-oil yields. Among them, the trivalent iron ion exhibited excellent catalytic properties for gas generation, with a high gas yield of 57.9% and a bio-oil yield of 12.1%. The components in bio-oil were greatly simplified by microwave irradiation, the number of the bio-oil compounds from the pyrolysis of Fe-loading pine sawdust was reduced to 77, and the GC-MS area of light compounds with carbon number less than 10 was increased to 84.4%. Phenol and furan in bio-oil are also catalytically converted into aromatic hydrocarbons, which are ideal chemical raw materials. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
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Based on the stimulus–response framework, this study examines the external environmental stimuli influencing online rumour sharing about COVID-19 and considers the contingent effect of fear. A large-scale online survey was used to test the proposed research model and hypotheses. The final data set comprised 2807 valid responses. The results indicate that perceptions of community safety and infection risk negatively affect online rumour sharing, while social influence positively affects online rumour sharing. Fear weakens the negative effects of community safety on online rumour sharing but strengthens the positive effect of social influence on online rumour sharing. This study provides a comprehensive analysis by applying the stimulus–response framework to explore the underlying drivers of online rumour sharing with regard to COVID-19 and the moderating effects of fear in the Chinese context.
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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown was related to a significant reduction in air pollutant emissions. However, severe air pollution events still occurred frequently in Taiyuan, north China. To better understand this unusual phenomenon, O3 and other pollutants have been investigated before, during and after the COVID-19 lockdown in the early 2020. Results show that PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2 and CO underwent a more marked reduction while O3 pollution was amplified during lockdown and the average concentrations O3-8hr during AL stage (101.92 μg m-3) exceeded its Grade I limiting value (100 μg m-3). O3 were negatively correlated with the other pollutants and positively correlated with temperature, visibility and the average solar irradiance during the daytime. The increase in daylight hours and average solar irradiance might be the key factors leading to the increase in O3 concentrations. The reduction of PM2.5 and NO2 promoted the rise in O3 during the lockdown. The majority of the O3 was likely formed by photooxidation in the shadow of Taiyuan and linked with air masses from the northern part of Shanxi Province before the lockdown and Henan, Hebei and Shandong during and after the lockdown. © 2022, HARD Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Background: For a period of time, the outbreak of the COVID-19 outbreak in many urban villages in our country had caused concern. The dense and complex population structure of urban villages, with their inter-regional mobility, posed a challenge to the prevention and control of the epidemic. Objective: Urban village areasare more prone to regional outbreaks of infectious diseases because of their spatial environment, demographic characteristics, cross-regional mobility and the characteristics of residents' medical treatment behavior. The purpose of this study was tounderstand the characteristics of the COVID-19 epidemic situation in urban villages and the current situation and difficulties of primary care institutions in carrying out COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control measures, in order to provide references for primary care institutions to deal with normalized prevention and control, social dynamic clearing work and future infectious disease prevention and control. Methods: By using public opinion analysis, literature retrieval, online interviews with epidemic prevention and control personnel and experts in urban village, the epidemic situation, prevention and control status of urban village were summarized, and the existing weak links and important loopholes were analyzed. Results: Based on the relevant information, a total of six points of concern were extracted: (1) The number of mapping and screening objects was large, which was the focus and difficulty of epidemic prevention and control work in urban villages.(2) There was not strict closed-loop management lead to virus carriers who were not timely controlled, which caused a risk of spreading the epidemic.(3) The prevention and control of nosocomial infection in primary care institutions was not in place.(4)There were loopholes in the inspection of close contacts in the principle of territorial management;close contacts who did not live and work in the same administrative area but only screened in their living places, which may lead to the spread of the epidemic in workplaces where secondary close contacts may be at risk of infection were not screened in a timely manner.(5) Overload had become the norm, highlighting the large gap in primary health care manpower.(6) During the normalization of epidemic prevention and control, residents were paralyzed and careless, and the phenomenon of not wearing masks in public places and crowd gathering was common. Health education still needs to be strengthened and emphasized that residents were the first responsible for their own health. Conclusion: Primary care providers played an important role in the prevention and control of COVID-19 in urban village by undertaking community management, outpatient treatment, public health services, health education, vaccination, quarantine hotel stationing, joint prevention and control, etc. It was recommended that additional fever sentinel clinics be set up for early detection and isolation to avoid further spread of the epidemic, rental houses be requisitioned to meet the demand for isolated medical observation, primary care institutions be strengthened for hospitalization and prevention, green relief channels be opened to protect special groups from medical treatment, volunteers be organized to reinforce primary care institutions, and health education emphasized that residents were the first to be responsible for maintaining their own health and raised personal awareness of the risk of COVID-19 prevention and control. Copyright © 2022 by the Chinese General Practice.
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Complex and diverse microbial communities have certain impacts on human health, and specific drugs are needed to treat diseases caused by microbes. However, most of the discovery of associations between microbes and drugs is through biological experiments, which are time-consuming and expensive. Therefore, it is crucial to develop an effective and computational model to detect novel microbe–drug associations. In this study, we propose a model based on Multiple Kernel fusion on Graph Convolutional Network, called MKGCN, for inferring novel microbe–drug associations. Our model is built on the heterogeneous network of microbes and drugs to extract multi-layer features, through Graph Convolutional Network (GCN). Then, we respectively calculate the kernel matrix by embedding features on each layer, and fuse multiple kernel matrices based on the average weighting method. Finally, Dual Laplacian Regularized Least Squares is used to infer new microbe–drug associations by the combined kernel in microbe and drug spaces. Compared with the existing tools for detecting biological bipartite networks, our model has excellent prediction effect on three datasets via three types of cross-validation. Furthermore, we also conduct a case study of the SARS-Cov-2 virus and make a deduction about drugs that may be able to associate with COVID-19. We have proved the accuracy of the prediction results through the existing literature. © 2021
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Many places on earth still suffer from a high level of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution. Formation of a particulate pollution event or haze episode (HE) involves many factors, including meteorology, emissions, and chemistry. Understanding the direct causes of and key drivers behind the HE is thus essential. Traditionally, this is done via chemical transport models. However, substantial uncertainties are introduced into the model estimation when there are significant changes in the emissions inventory due to interventions (e.g., the COVID-19 lockdown). Here we applied a Random Forest model coupled with a Shapley additive explanation algorithm, a post hoc explanation technique, to investigate the roles of major meteorological factors, primary emissions, and chemistry in five severe HEs that occurred before or during the COVID-19 lockdown in China. We discovered that, in addition to the high level of primary emissions, PM2.5 in these haze episodes was largely driven by meteorological effects (with average contributions of 30-65 mu g m(-3) for the five HEs), followed by chemistry (similar to 15-30 mu g m(-3)). Photochemistry was likely the major pathway of formation of nitrate, while air humidity was the predominant factor in forming sulfate. Our results highlight that the machine learning driven by data has the potential to be a complementary tool in predicting and interpreting air pollution.
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Despite intensive and global efforts to discover and develop novel antiviral therapies, only Remdesivir has been approved as a treatment for COVID-19. Therefore, effective antiviral therapeutics are still urgently needed to combat and halt the pandemic. Viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2 demonstrates high potential as a reliable target for the development of antivirals. We previously developed a cell-based assay to assess the efficiency of compounds that target SARS-CoV-2 RdRp, as well as their tolerance to viral exoribonuclease-mediated proof-reading. In our previous study, we discovered that 2-((1H-indol-3-yl)thio)-N-phenyl-acetamides specifically targets the RdRp of both respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza A virus. Thus, we hypothesize that 2-((1H-indol-3-yl)thio)-N-phenyl-acetamides may also have the ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication by targeting its RdRp activity. In this research, we test a compound library containing 103 of 2-((1H-indol-3-yl)thio)-N-phenyl-acetamides against SARS-CoV-2 RdRp, using our cell-based assay. Among these compounds, the top five candidates strongly inhibit SARS-CoV-2 RdRp activity while exhibiting low cytotoxicity and resistance to viral exoribonuclease. Compound 6-72-2a is the most promising candidate with the lowest EC50 value of 1.41 mu M and highest selectivity index (CC50/EC50) (above 70.92). Furthermore, our data suggests that 4-46b and 6-72-2a also inhibit the replication of HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-NL63 virus in a dose-dependent manner. Compounds 4-46b and 6-72-2a exhibit EC50 values of 1.13 mu M and 0.94 mu M, respectively, on HCoV-OC43 viral replication. However, higher concentrations of these compounds are needed to effectively block HCoV-NL63 replication. Together, our findings successfully identified 4-46b and 6-72-2a as promising inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 RdRp.
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At the beginning of 2020, 2019-nCoV caused serious adverse effects on China and the world economy. Due to the sudden drop in passenger traffic during the epidemic, the catering industry has become one of the industries most affected by the epidemic. How to maintain survival on the basis of reasonable prevention and control of epidemic situation has become a major problem facing the catering industry. This research collects the reviews and reports of catering companies during the epidemic, and uses ROST Content Mining software to extract high-frequency feature words and analyze the main risk factors. Then this paper builds a social semantic network between high-frequency words and analyzes the mechanism of risk. Finally, based on the different stages of the epidemic, the prevention and control model of the epidemic risk in the catering industry is constructed to provide feasible suggestions for catering companies to deal with the risk of the epidemic, safe resumption of production, transformation and upgrade. © 2020 IEEE.
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Obesity is a global health problem. In the past decades, the prevalence rate of obesity has risen sharply in epidemiology. Obesity has become an increasingly severe epidemic burden linked with different kinds of diseases, consisting of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, metabolic associated fatty liver disease, and even in COVID-19. Beneficial flavonoids in foods, as functional ingredients, combat obesity and maintain energy balance through multiple mechanisms. This review provides a brief overview of biological targets, possible mechanisms and the current therapeutic interventions including suppressing appetite, increasing energy consumption, regulating gut microbiota, inhibiting adipogenesis, anti-inflammation. In vitro and in vivo experiments as well as available clinical evidence related to the anti-obesity effects of pure flavonoid and flavonoid-rich extracts are also summarized and depicted. Furthermore, the metabolism and bioavailability of flavonoids are also concluded and discussed. Beneficial flavonoids have become promising candidates for treating and avoiding obesity, but poor bioavailability and short elimination half-life affects the absorption and efficacy. This paper reviews the different types of flavonoids and their potential effect of preventing obesity, which provide the basis for further research.
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The epidemic of COVID-19 has lasted for nearly a year, the number of confirmed cases worldwide is still rising, and the trend of the epidemic is unclear. How will be the further development of COVID-19 epidemic? What is the current status of research on new drugs for coronary virus disease? Will the vaccine currently used change the epidemic pattern? In the context of the normalization of the epidemic, whether the epidemiology of other respiratory viruses will change? This article will discuss and analyze these hot and difficult issues. © 2021 Chinese Medical Association
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Two major locally transmitted outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019 occurred in China, one in Wuhan from December 2019 to April 2020, another in Beijing-Xinfadi in June 2020. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 isolated from these two outbreaks can be distinguished by a conserved pyrimidine nucleotide located at nucleotide position 241 in the 5'-untranslated region of the virus genome.
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Objective To study the rule of Chinese medicine prescription According to the prescription novel coronavirus pneumonia;to provide reference for the treatment of epidemic diseases. Methods Through crawling 227 prescriptions of Xinguan TCM collected by Huabing data website intelligent TCM big data platform, we analyzed the web page data by using word cloud analysis, data visualization and the third-party library lxml and request of Python. Results High frequency of drug use of traditional Chinese medicine are: Huoxiang, Atractylodes, Platycodon, honeysuckle, astragalus, Scutellaria, Atractylodes macrocephala, etc. The analysis of clinical symptoms showed that the most common symptoms were fatigue, fever, white fur, cough, chest tightness, diarrhea and so on. Hebei, Sichuan, Heilongjiang, Gansu and other provinces provide more. Conclusion The novel coronavirus pneumonia and almond novel coronavirus pneumonia treatment are better. The results showed that the effective prescriptions and fever, fatigue and other common clinical manifestations, as well as the provinces with higher prescriptions, have important reference significance for the follow-up development of the new crown pneumonia. © 2020 ACM.
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In the prevention and control of infectious diseases in novel coronavirus, the primary health care settings played an important role in community epidemic prevention and control, which was the most effective defense line for external import and internal non-proliferation.Faced with the local outbreak or regional epidemic of novel coronavirus infection in the present and even in the future for a long time, primary health care settings need to normalize the epidemic prevention work and make up for the shortcomings in the prevention and control of the major epidemic in time, including: the environmental construction was not standardized, the emergency materials reserve was insufficient, the system construction was a mere formality, and the ability to build primary emergency teams was insufficient.In the future, it is suggested to strengthen the standardization of primary health care in terms of site environment, system improvement, team building, and primary emergency response capability, and attach importance to the labor value of primary health care professionals. Copyright © 2020 by the Chinese General Practice.
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Since the outbreak of the COVID-19, all regions of China have carried out prompt responsive actions in an active way to control and prevent the disease, among which rural areas face particularly severe challenges, because they are the weak link in the control and prevention of public health emergencies due to shortage of health resources and poor diagnostic and therapeutic level. According to characteristics and the actual situation of the current rural primary healthcare settings, this guidedance introduced the requirements of setting environmental space for epidemic prevention and control, the process of referral, home observation, persons with special health care, health education for villagers, personal protection for health staff, and nosocomial infection control. It would provide a standardized and safe way for primary healthcare settings in rural areas in the epidemic prevention and control. Copyright © 2020 by the Chinese General Practice.